Dear students, do you know how beautiful Chinese poetry is? The form is changeable, which can be bold or subtle; the rhythm is catchy and the meaning is infinite. The beauty of Chinese is both in form and in character. When the oriental artistic conception meets the western rhythm, it bursts out a more unique charm. On the Tomb-sweeping Day, let us walk into Mr. Xu Yuanchong's world with a poem "Qing Ming" and learn about his translation aesthetics.<br>（同學(xué)們，你們知道中國的詩歌有多美嗎？觀之形式多變，可豪放，可含蓄；讀之朗朗上口，意蘊(yùn)無窮。中文之美，美在形體，亦美在風(fēng)骨。當(dāng)東方意境邂逅西方韻律，卻迸發(fā)了更加獨(dú)特的魅力。適逢清明節(jié)，讓我們以一首《清明》來走進(jìn)許淵沖先生的世界，了解他的翻譯美學(xué)。）<br> <div style="text-align: center;">《清明》杜牧</div><div style="text-align: center;">“The Mourning Day”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，</div><div style="text-align: center;">A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;</div><div style="text-align: center;">路上行人欲斷魂。</div><div style="text-align: center;">The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.</div><div style="text-align: center;">借問酒家何處有？</div><div style="text-align: center;">Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?</div><div style="text-align: center;">牧童遙指杏花村。</div><div style="text-align: center;">A cowherd points to a cot amid apricot flowers.</div> Dear students, in the translation of these "simple" four lines, can you experience the "taste" of Qing Ming? Mr. Xu's English translation of "Qing Ming" is not only close to the original work in structure, focusing on poetic imagery, rhythm and other aspects, but also conveys the author's emotions appropriately. At the same time, the lines reflect the translator's adherence to the principle of "doing what you want without breaking the rules".<br>（同學(xué)們，在這“簡單”的四句翻譯中，你是否能體會到清明的“味道”？許老先生英譯的《清明》不僅在結(jié)構(gòu)上貼近原作，注重詩歌意象，節(jié)奏，韻律等方面的處理，而且貼切的傳達(dá)了作者的情感，同時(shí)，字里行間體現(xiàn)了譯者遵循“從心所欲不逾矩”原則。）<br> <div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ff8a00">人生百年 譯界泰斗</font></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ff8a00">Life in One Hundred Translation Masters</font></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br></b></div><div> Mr. Xu Yuanchong graduated from Tsinghua University and has been a professor at Peking University since 1983. He has been engaged in literary translation for more than 60 years, and his translations cover Chinese, English, French and other languages. His translations focus on English translation of ancient Chinese poetry. He is known as "the only person who translates poetry into English and French".<br>（許淵沖先生畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)，并于1983年起任北京大學(xué)教授。從事文學(xué)翻譯長達(dá)六十余年，譯作涵蓋中、英、法等語種，翻譯集中在中國古詩英譯，被稱為“詩譯英法唯一人”。）<br></div> In 1941, when the American Flying Tigers came to help China fight against Japan, Mr. Xu Yuanchong served as their interpreter. At the reception, the Americans wanted to understand the "Three Principles of the People" proposed by Sun Yat-sen. Xu Yuanchong used "Of the people, by the people, for the people" to make the US feel that the Chinese language is "simple and profound". <br>（1941年，美國飛虎隊(duì)前來幫助中國抗日，許淵沖先生擔(dān)任翻譯，招待會上，美方想理解孫中山提出的“三民主義”，許淵沖用 “Of the people, by the people, for the people” 讓美方感受到中國語言是“簡單中帶著深刻”。）<br> In an interview at the age of 89, in the face of the self-assessment of "the first person to translate poetry into English and French", he laughed, "We Chinese should be confident, and we should be a little crazy." At the age of 93, he won the "Northern Lights" Outstanding Literary Translation Award of the International Federation of Translators. He thanked in writing with an elegant English letter. Compared with the Lifetime Achievement Award, his pride is in the future, "I can translate a book in two months now, and it is planned to complete the translation of Shakespeare's works in five years“. At the age of 96, he appeared on the stage of CCTV's "Reader" and read aloud his early translations. As he read, his eyes welled up with teas. He still maintained abundant emotions and a young heart. The touched reporter wrote the title on the newspaper: "Xu Yuanchong: With his 96-year-old innocence, he blocked time".<br>（在89歲接受采訪時(shí)，面對“詩譯英法第一人”的自評，他朗笑一聲，“我們中國人，就應(yīng)該自信，就應(yīng)該有點(diǎn)狂的精神。” 93歲，獲得國際譯聯(lián)“北極光”杰出文學(xué)翻譯獎，他以一封優(yōu)雅的英文信書面答謝，相比終身成就獎，他的豪情在未來，“我現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)月能翻譯一本，計(jì)劃五年翻譯完莎翁全集?！?6歲，登上央視《朗讀者》舞臺，朗讀自己早年譯作。他讀著讀著，淚盈于睫，依然保持充沛的情感和年輕的內(nèi)心。被震撼的記者在報(bào)章上寫下題目：“許淵沖：以96歲的天真，阻擋了時(shí)間”。）<br> <div style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ff8a00"><br></font></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ff8a00">翻譯三美 形神兼?zhèn)?lt;/font></b></div><b><font color="#ff8a00"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Three Beauties in Translation </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b> Unity of Form and Spirit</b></div></font></b><div><br> Mr. Xu Yuanchong put forward the principle of "Three Beauties" in translation: the beauty of artistic conception, the beauty of rhythm and the beauty of form symmetry. Many of his poetry translations embody these three principles. Let's take a look at the English Chinese poetry written by Mr. Xu Yuanchong.<br>（許淵沖先生提出了翻譯的“三美”原則：意境之美、音律之美和形態(tài)對稱之美。他的很多詩歌翻譯都體現(xiàn)了這三種原則，下面讓我們來欣賞一下許淵沖先生筆下的英文中國詩詞。）<br></div> <div style="text-align: center;">（一）</div><div style="text-align: center;">《靜夜思》 李白</div><div style="text-align: center;">“Thoughts on a Tranquil Night”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">床前明月光，</div><div style="text-align: center;">Before my bed a pool of light,</div><div style="text-align: center;">疑是地上霜。</div><div style="text-align: center;">Can it be frost on the ground?</div><div style="text-align: center;">舉頭望明月，</div><div style="text-align: center;">Looking up, I find the moon bright;</div><div style="text-align: center;">低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。</div><div style="text-align: center;">Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.</div><br> He creatively translated "bright moonlight" as “a pool of light”, which can concretize the abstract moonlight and give a stronger sense of picture. At the same time, he translated "hometown thinking" as “drowned in homesickness”, that is, "immersed in homesickness". The commonality between the two translations is the use of the image of "water". Mr Xu compares the bright moonlight and nostalgia to "water". The two echo each other and can convey the strong nostalgia emotion in the original poem more accurately.<br>（他將“明月光”創(chuàng)造性地譯為a pool of light，這樣能將抽象的月光具象化，畫面感更強(qiáng)。同時(shí)他將“思故鄉(xiāng)”翻譯為drowned in homesickness，即“沉浸在鄉(xiāng)愁之中”，這兩處翻譯的共通之處在于“水”這一意象的運(yùn)用。許老先生將明月光和鄉(xiāng)愁都比作“水”，兩者形成呼應(yīng)，更能精確傳達(dá)出原詩中強(qiáng)烈的思鄉(xiāng)情感。）<br> <div style="text-align: center;">（二）</div><div style="text-align: center;">《登高》杜甫(節(jié)選)</div><div style="text-align: center;">“On the Height”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">風(fēng)急天高猿嘯哀，</div><div style="text-align: center;">The wind so swift, the sky so wide, apes wail and cry;</div><div style="text-align: center;">渚清沙白鳥飛回。</div><div style="text-align: center;">Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly.</div><div style="text-align: center;">無邊落木蕭蕭下，</div><div style="text-align: center;">The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower</div><div style="text-align: center;">不盡長江滾滾來。</div><div style="text-align: center;">The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div> "Falling wood" here means "fallen leaves", but the use of "wood" with a more dignified texture instead of "leaf" is to create a gloomy atmosphere. “The boundless forest” symbolizes that the poet's life has also been stripped away in the gale of the chaotic world, while the rolling Yangtze River is still rushing through the ages. What is shown here is the contrast between the fragile life of the individual and the eternal time and space. “Shower by shower” and “hour after hour” in the translation vividly present this contrast. Interestingly, the pronunciation of "shower by shower" coincides with "Xiao Xiao", which is Mr. Xu's proud writing.<br>（“落木”在這里是“落葉”的意思，但用質(zhì)感上更為凝重的“木”而不用輕飄飄的“葉”，是為了營造沉郁的氛圍。蕭蕭落木象征著詩人的生命也在亂世的烈風(fēng)中剝落殆盡，而滾滾長江依舊亙古奔流。這里表現(xiàn)的是個(gè)體的脆弱生命與永恒時(shí)空之間的對比。譯文中的shower by shower和hour after hour將這種對比轟轟烈烈地呈現(xiàn)出來。饒有妙趣的是，shower by shower在發(fā)音上竟然與“蕭蕭”暗合，此處正是許老的得意手筆。）<br></div> <div style="text-align: center;">（三）</div><div style="text-align: center;">《江雪》柳宗元</div><div style="text-align: center;">“Fishing in Snow”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">千山鳥飛絕，</div><div style="text-align: center;">From hill to hill no bird in flight；</div><div style="text-align: center;">萬徑人蹤滅。</div><div style="text-align: center;">From path to path no man in sight.</div><div style="text-align: center;">孤舟蓑笠翁</div><div style="text-align: center;">A lonely fisherman afloat;</div><div style="text-align: center;">獨(dú)釣寒江雪</div><div style="text-align: center;">Is fishing snow in lonely boat.</div> <div style="text-align: center;">（四）</div><div style="text-align: center;">《相思》王維</div><div style="text-align: center;">“Love Seeds”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">紅豆生南國，</div><div style="text-align: center;">The red beans grow in southern land.</div><div style="text-align: center;">春來發(fā)幾枝。</div><div style="text-align: center;">How many load in spring the trees?</div><div style="text-align: center;">愿君多采擷，</div><div style="text-align: center;">Gather them till full is your hand;</div><div style="text-align: center;">此物最相思。</div><div style="text-align: center;">They would revive fond memories.</div> <div style="text-align: center;">（五）</div><div style="text-align: center;">《春夜喜雨》杜甫（節(jié)選）</div><div style="text-align: center;">“Happy Rain on a Spring Night”</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;">好雨知時(shí)節(jié)，</div><div style="text-align: center;">Good rain knows its time right,</div><div style="text-align: center;">當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生。</div><div style="text-align: center;">It will fall when comes spring.</div><div style="text-align: center;">隨風(fēng)潛入夜，</div><div style="text-align: center;">With wind it steals in night;</div><div style="text-align: center;">潤物細(xì)無聲。</div><div style="text-align: center;">Mute, it wets everything.</div> On June 17, 2021, Mr. Xu Yuanchong passed away at the age of 100. Mr. Xu Yuanchong sketched the image of Chinese scholars for us, left an enlightenment of mutual learning between cultures, and left a cultural entrustment: the rivers of the ages, and the more to come. Coinciding with the Tomb-Sweeping Day, let us cherish the memory of Mr. Xu Yuanchong, recite the Chinese poems written by him, learn to love beauty, create beauty, spread beauty, and let Chinese culture go to the world!<div>（2021年6月17日，許淵沖老先生逝世，享年100歲。許淵沖先生為我們勾勒了中國學(xué)人的形象，留下了文化互鑒的啟示，更留下了一種文化囑托：萬古江河，更待來者。恰逢清明時(shí)節(jié)，讓我們共同緬懷許淵沖老先生，吟誦許老筆下的中國詩詞，學(xué)會熱愛美、創(chuàng)造美、傳播美，讓中國文化走向世界?。?lt;br></div> <div style="text-align: right;">注：文章部分素材來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)</div>撰稿|楊雪晴<br>編輯|楊雪晴<br>審閱|于洋 王馨<br>監(jiān)制|李德文<br>
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