<p class="ql-block">一些科技公司正在募集數(shù)億美金開發(fā)以微生物和海藻為原料促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品。全世界肥料價(jià)格上漲，人們擔(dān)憂如何生產(chǎn)足夠的食品。</p><p class="ql-block">Technology companies are raising hundreds of millions of dollars to develop farm products that use microbes and seaweed to grow crops. The move comes at a time fertilizer prices are very high and increased attention is being paid to how food is produced around the world.</p> <p class="ql-block">生物興奮劑</p><p class="ql-block">Bio stimulants </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">微生物，包括真菌和病毒，多年來用于農(nóng)業(yè)防止害蟲和疾病，產(chǎn)生了綜合結(jié)果。開發(fā)商正在更多的應(yīng)用這些自然的方法保持和提升農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)水平。</p><p class="ql-block">Microbes, including fungi and viruses, have been available for years as treatments to protect plants from insects and disease, with mixed results. But developers are increasingly using them as natural ways to support crops while keeping up production levels.</p> <p class="ql-block">新的微生物肥料被稱為生物興奮劑。這類產(chǎn)品有助于農(nóng)民少用氮肥。 氮肥污染河道，產(chǎn)生氮氧化物和污染環(huán)境的氣體。加拿大想在2030年切斷肥料釋放的污染，歐盟也希望減少肥料用量。</p><p class="ql-block">The new microbial fertilizers are sometimes called bio stimulants. Such products could help farmers use less nitrogen- a fertilizer that can pollute waterways and create nitrous oxide, a gas that has environmental effects. Canada wants to cut fertilizer emission by 2030, while the European Union aims to reduce fertilizer usage. </p> <p class="ql-block">諾維信是丹麥最大的生物農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的銷售商。一種包含真菌的產(chǎn)品沿著植物根部生長(zhǎng)，從土壤中釋放農(nóng)作物需要的磷酸鹽。挪威雅雅國(guó)際說，它的生物興奮劑基于海藻和其它物質(zhì)。</p><p class="ql-block">Denmark based Novozymes is one of the biggest sellers of biological agriculture products. One product contains a fungus that grows alongside plant roots and release phosphate, a crop nutrient, from the soil. Yara International of Norway says its bio stimulants are based on seaweed and other substance. </p> <p class="ql-block">另一種剛剛啟動(dòng)的生物制品是用微生物吸收谷物、小麥或高粱根部的糖，產(chǎn)生一種生物酶，把氮轉(zhuǎn)化為農(nóng)作物需要的氨。</p><p class="ql-block">Another product from the startup Pivot Bio has microbes that take in sugar from the roots of corn, wheat, or sorghum plant, producing an enzyme that changes nitrogen to ammonia, a crop nutrient. </p> <p class="ql-block">加利福尼亞的一家公司說，農(nóng)民在四十萬(wàn)公頃的土地上使用了它的產(chǎn)品。它去年募集了4.3億美金的投資。</p><p class="ql-block">The California based company says farmers use it on more than 400,000 hectares. It has also raised $ 430 million last year from investors.</p> <p class="ql-block">Agfunder說，2021年生物興奮劑和谷物控制產(chǎn)品的投資是前一年的二倍，高達(dá)7.77億美金。期望未來五年30億美金規(guī)模的生物興奮劑行業(yè)年均增長(zhǎng)百分之十二到十五。</p><p class="ql-block">Agfunder said investments in bio stimulants and crop control products have more than doubled in 2021 from the previous year, to $777 million. And Rabobank expects the $3 billion bio stimulants industry to grow by 12 to 15 percent each year over the next five years. </p> <p class="ql-block">尚未規(guī)范的行業(yè)</p><p class="ql-block">Unregulated industry </p> <p class="ql-block">生物肥料大多數(shù)沒有規(guī)范，它們?cè)诎l(fā)展谷物方面的效果如何，僅有少量的研究。不是每個(gè)人都相信生物興奮劑有效。</p><p class="ql-block">Microbial fertilizers are largely unregulated, with few studies on how effective they are at developing crops. And not everyone is convinced bio stimulants work.</p> <p class="ql-block">明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的土壤學(xué)家在過去的兩個(gè)季節(jié)測(cè)試了Pivot 的產(chǎn)品，他在六個(gè)區(qū)域使用它們，同時(shí)減少氮肥， 僅有一個(gè)區(qū)域顯示產(chǎn)出有所改善。</p><p class="ql-block">University of Minnesota soil scientist Daniel Kaiser tested Pivot’s Product over the past two seasons. He used them on six area with reduced nitrogen fertilizer treatments. But only one area showed an improved yield. </p> <p class="ql-block">“生物興奮劑的科學(xué)原理聽上去不錯(cuò)，但是從概念到實(shí)際應(yīng)用到農(nóng)田是兩回事，”他說。</p><p class="ql-block">“With o lot of these ( bio stimulants product) the scientific principles are sound. But taking them from a concept to something that will work in the field, that’s where they tend to fall apart ,” he said. </p> <p class="ql-block">目前，美國(guó)僅有少數(shù)州要求企業(yè)提供生物肥料有效性的數(shù)據(jù)。美國(guó)環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)僅僅對(duì)公眾發(fā)布了一個(gè)指導(dǎo)性的草案。歐盟將從2022年7月開始要求提供生物興奮劑的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。Currently, only a small number of American states require companies to supply data on the effectiveness of microbial fertilizers. And the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has only issued draft guidance for public review. In Europe, Union will require data on bio stimulants starting in July 2022.</p>
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