<h3><ul><li><b>雷電小知識</b><br></li></ul></h3><h3><b>Why does lightning falsh ?</b></h3><h3>Lightning is the flash we see when electricity jumps from a cloud.</h3><h3><b><br></b></h3><h3><b>How does lightning happen?</b></h3><h3>We’ve zoomed into a storm cloud to see.</h3><h3>Drops of water and ice rub against each other and make electricity.<br></h3><h3>水滴和冰水相互摩擦并發(fā)電。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>What shapes can lightning make?</b><br></h3><h3>Forks are the most common.Other shapes are:sheets\beads\ribbons\balls.</h3><h3></h3><br> <h3><b>Does lightning ever strike buildings?</b></h3><h3>Yes,so they have special lightning rods.</h3><h3>The rod guides the lightning safely into the ground.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>Is lightning dangerous?</b><br></h3><h3>Yes,it can be.you’re safe indoors though.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>Why does thunder rumble?</b><br></h3><h3>Thunder is the noise lightning makes.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>Why do you see lightning before you hear thunder?</b></h3><h3>Because light travels faster than noise,so the light reaches us first.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>Why is thunder so loud?</b></h3><h3>Because lightning is so hot! The air around it heats up amazingly quickly and makes a sound like an explosion.Boom!</h3><h3>數(shù)雷聲</h3><h3><b>How far away is the storm?</b></h3><h3>Count the seconds between the lightning and thunder to find out.</h3><h3>3 seconds = 1 km away</h3><h3>5 seconds = 1 mile away</h3><h3>Before the storm you’d better get home.</h3> <ul><li><b>Tadpoles </b></li></ul><h3>結(jié)合科普書再叨叨一遍，剛好里面還有孑孓，把孑孓也一起說了</h3> <h3>When Frogs mate, the male frog tends to clasp the female underneath in an embrace called amplexus.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>當(dāng)青蛙交配時，雄蛙將雌蛙抱在身下，這種擁抱被稱為抱合（指雌的蛙或蟾產(chǎn)卵于水時雄的蛙或蟾抱合排精的求偶行動）。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>He literally climbs on her back, reaches his arms around her "waist", either just in front of the hind legs, just behind the front legs, or even around the head. Amplexus can last several days!<br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>他會爬到她背上，伸出雙臂摟住她的“腰”，要么就在后腿前面，要么就在前腿后面，甚至是頭部周圍。抱合可以持續(xù)好幾天!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Usually, it occurs in the water, though some species, like the bufos on the right mate on land or even in trees!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>通常，它發(fā)生在水中在陸地上，盡管有些物種，就像...甚至在樹上，都有合適的伴侶!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>While in some cases, complicated courting behavior occurs before mating, many species of frogs are known for attempting to mate with anything that moves which isn't small enough to eat!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>而在某些情況下，復(fù)雜的求愛行為發(fā)生在交配之前，眾所周知，許多種類的青蛙都試圖與任何可以移動的小到不能吃的東西交配。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Spawn (egg-mass)</b></u></h3><h3>產(chǎn)卵（卵塊）</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>While in the amplexus position, the male frog fertilizes the eggs as they get are laid. Frogs tend to lay eggs single eggs in masses, whereas toads usually lay eggs in long chains. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>在抱合的時候，雄蛙會在產(chǎn)卵時使卵受精。青蛙通常是一窩一窩的產(chǎn)蛋，而蟾蜍通常是一長串的產(chǎn)蛋。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>大家看看這是誰產(chǎn)的蛋?</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Some frogs leave after this point, but others stick around to watch over the little ones. Some have very unusual ways of caring for their young. You'll learn about some of those later in this tour!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>一些青蛙在這之后離開，但其他青蛙會留下來照看這些小家伙。有些青蛙有非常不尋常的方式來照顧他們的孩子。你將在后面的旅程里了解到更多的內(nèi)容!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b><u>Egg </u></b></h3><h3>蛋</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Frogs and Toads tend to lay many many eggs because there are many hazards between fertilization and full grown frogness! Those eggs that die tend to turn white or opaque. The lucky ones that actually manage to hatch still start out on a journey of many perils.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>青蛙和蟾蜍往往會下很多很多的蛋因?yàn)樵谑芫桶l(fā)育完全的青蛙之間有很多危險! 那些死掉的蛋往往會變成白色或不透明。那些真正成功孵化的幸運(yùn)兒仍然開始了一段充滿危險的旅程。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Life starts right as the central yolk splits in two. It then divides into four, then eight, etc.- until it looks a bit like a raspberry inside a jello cup. Soon, the embryo starts to look more and more like a tadpole, getting longer and moving about in it's egg.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>當(dāng)中心的蛋黃一分為二時，生命就開始了。然后它被分成4個，然后8個，等等。直到它看起來有點(diǎn)像果凍杯里的覆盆子。很快，胚胎開始變得越來越像蝌蚪，變長了，在蛋里移動。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Usually, about 6-21 days (average!) after being fertilized, the egg will hatch. Most eggs are found in calm or static waters, to prevent getting too rumbled about in infancy! </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>通常，受精后大約6-21天(平均)，蛋會孵出來。大多數(shù)蛋都是在平靜或靜止的水中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，防止初期太吵!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Some frogs, like the Coast foam-nest tree frog, actually mate in tree branches overlooking static bonds and streams. Their egg masses form large cocoon-like foamy masses. The foam sometimes cakes dry in the sun, protecting the inside moisture. When the rain comes along, after development of 7 to 9 days, the foam drips down, dropping tiny tadpoles into the river or pond below.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>有些青蛙，比如海岸泡沫巢樹蛙，實(shí)際上它們是在樹枝上交配的，可以俯瞰靜態(tài)的紐帶和溪流。它們的卵團(tuán)形成巨大的繭狀泡沫團(tuán)。泡沫有時會在陽光下變干，保護(hù)內(nèi)部水分。當(dāng)雨來的時候，經(jīng)過7到9天的發(fā)展，泡沫滴落下來，把小蝌蚪打落到下面的河里或池塘里。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Tadpole</b></u></h3><h3>蝌蚪</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Shortly after hatching, the tadpole still feeds on the remaining yolk, which is actually in its gut! The tadpole at this point consists of poorly developed gills, a mouth, and a tail. It's really fragile at this point. They usually will stick themselves to floating weeds or grasses in the water using little sticky organs between its' mouth and belly area. Then, 7 to 10 days after the tadpole has hatched, it will begin to swim around and feed on algae.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>孵化后不久，蝌蚪仍然以剩余的蛋黃為食，其實(shí)都在它的肚子里! 此時的蝌蚪由發(fā)育不良的鰓、嘴和尾巴組成。這一點(diǎn)非常脆弱。它們通常會用嘴和腹部之間的小粘性器官粘在漂浮在浮草或水草上。然后，蝌蚪孵化7到10天后，它將開始四處游動，以藻類為食。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>After about 4 weeks, the gills start getting grown over by skin, until they eventually disappear. The tadpoles get teeny tiny teeth which help them grate food turning it into soupy oxygenated particles. They have long coiled guts that help them digest as much nutrients from their meadger diets as possible.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>大約4周后，鰓開始被皮膚覆蓋，直到它們最終消失。蝌蚪有微小的牙齒，這些牙齒幫助它們把食物磨碎，把食物變成濃稠的含氧顆粒。它們有長長的盤繞著的腸道，可以幫助它們消化盡可能多的營養(yǎng)。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>By the fourth week, tadpoles can actually be fairly social creatures. Some even interact and school like fish! </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>到第4周的時候，蝌蚪實(shí)際上可以成為相當(dāng)社會化的生物。有些甚至像魚一樣互動和學(xué)習(xí)!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Tadpole with legs</b></u></h3><h3>蝌蚪的腿</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>After about 6 to 9 weeks, little tiny legs start to sprout. The head becomes more distinct and the body elongates. By now the diet may grow to include larger items like dead insects and even plants.</h3><h3>The arms will begin to bulge where they will eventually pop out, elbow first.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>大約6到9周后，細(xì)小的腿開始發(fā)芽。頭部變得更加清晰，身體也拉長了。到目前為止，飲食可能會增長到包括更大的物體，如昆蟲尸體，甚至植物。手臂將開始膨脹，最終會從肘部開始突出。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>After about 9 weeks, the tadpole looks more like a teeny frog with a really long tail. It is now well on it's way to being almost fullgrown! </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>大約9周后，蝌蚪看起來更像一只有著長長的尾巴的小青蛙?，F(xiàn)在它正在成長的過程中!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Young Frog, or Froglet</b></u></h3><h3>小青蛙或幼蛙</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>By 12 weeks, the tadpole has only a teeny tail stub and looks like a miniature version of the adult frog. Soon, it will leave the water, only to return again to laymore eggs and start the process all over again! </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>12周的時候，蝌蚪只有很小的尾巴，看起來就像微型版的成年青蛙。很快，它就會離開水，只為了再次回到產(chǎn)卵和重新開始整個過程!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><u><b>Frog</b></u></h3><h3>青蛙</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>By between 12 to 16 weeks, depending on water and food supply, the frog has completed the full growth cycle. Some frogs that live in higher altitudes or in colder places might take a whole winter to go through the tadpole stage...Others may have unique development stages that vary from your "traditional" tadpole-in-the-water type life cycle: some of these are described later in this tour.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>在12到16周之間，根據(jù)水和食物的供應(yīng)，青蛙已經(jīng)完成了完整的生長周期。一些生活在較高海拔或較冷地區(qū)的青蛙可能需要整個冬天才能經(jīng)歷蝌蚪階段。其他的可能有獨(dú)特的發(fā)展階段，不同于你的“傳統(tǒng)”蝌蚪在水中的生命周期:其中一些將在文章后面描述。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Now these frogs will start the whole process again...finding mates and creating new froggies.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>現(xiàn)在這些青蛙將重新開始整個過程…尋找伴侶，創(chuàng)造新的青蛙。</h3><h3><br></h3> <p><b>What's the difference between toads and frogs? </b></p><ol><li>Toads are a type of frog. Frogs spend most of their lives around water .Toads spend more time on dry land. Their bodies are built for where they live. </li><li>Toad's eyes do not <b>bulge</b> out from the body. A poison garland is located behind each eye.</li><li>Frogs have teeth in upper jaws. While toads have no teeth.</li><li>Frog eggs laid in clusters or groups. Toad eggs laid in <b>long</b> chains. But a few toads give birth to live young.</li><li>Frog skin is moist and smooth. Toads ' skin is dry and bumpy.</li><li>Frogs have long powerful jumping legs. Most frogs have webbed hind feet. Toads have shorter legs for walking.</li></ol><p><br></p> <h3><ul><li><b>拓展：青蛙和蟾蜍怎么冬眠的？</b><br></li></ul></h3><h3>轉(zhuǎn)自公號:憶樂時光Happy Time</h3><h3>Frogs 青蛙</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>In the case of most frogs, the right place is under water. We often think that water, in the winter time, is very cold. But as we find out with the ice cube tray in the freezer, water is liquid until it’s frozen. If the water is still liquid, then it is above freezing — but not by much!</h3><h3>對于大多數(shù)青蛙來說，正確的地方是在水下。我們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為水，在冬天的時候，是很冷的。但正如我們在冰箱里發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰塊托盤，水在凍結(jié)之前是液態(tài)的。如果水仍然是液體，那么它就高于冰點(diǎn)——但不會高很多!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Many of Ontario’s frogs, like the Bull Frog, Green Frog, Mink Frog and Pickerel Frog, hibernate in the water. Many think that these frogs would burrow into the muck at the bottom of a pond or river to “keep warm” and stay hidden from predators.</h3><h3>安大略省的許多青蛙，像牛蛙、綠蛙、水貂蛙和梭魚蛙，都在水里冬眠。許多人認(rèn)為這些青蛙會在池塘或河流底部的淤泥中挖洞以“保暖”并躲避捕食者。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>But it turns out that — in order to survive the winter under the ice — they need to stay out of the mud because…these frogs breathe through their skin!</h3><h3>但事實(shí)證明，為了在冰下度過冬天，它們需要遠(yuǎn)離泥地，因?yàn)椤@些青蛙通過皮膚呼吸!</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Very cold (4°C) water holds more oxygen than warm water, which is good news for the frogs. They can simply absorb the little bit of oxygen they need directly from the water through their permeable skins.</h3><h3>很冷(4°C)的水比溫水含有更多的氧氣，這對青蛙來說是個好消息。它們可以直接通過可滲透的皮膚從水中吸收少量的氧氣。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>If they were buried in the mud, the supply of oxygen would quickly get used up, so that is why they stay exposed on the bottom, or perhaps nestled among rocks, logs or roots – to get a constant supply of oxygen from moving water.</h3><h3>如果它們被埋在泥里，氧氣供應(yīng)很快就會用完，這就是為什么它們會暴露在水底，或者依偎在巖石、原木或樹根之間——從流動的水中獲得持續(xù)的氧氣供應(yīng)。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Toads 蟾蜍</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Toads commonly found on trails and gardens, like the American Toad, hibernate on land. The forests and fields certainly do freeze, and even the soil freezes, so toads must find a place that escapes the frost.</h3><h3>通常在小路和花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)的蟾蜍，像美洲蟾蜍，在陸地上冬眠。森林和田野當(dāng)然會結(jié)冰，甚至土壤也會結(jié)冰，所以蟾蜍必須找到一個地方躲避霜凍。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>American Toads must find a place on land to hibernate. To do this, they must dig into the soil, often more than 50 cm, to get below the frost line.</h3><h3>美洲蟾蜍必須在陸地上找到一個地方冬眠。要做到這一點(diǎn)，他們必須挖進(jìn)土壤，通常超過50厘米，以得到以下的霜凍線。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>To do this, they dig! Toads have special, hardened knobs on their hind feet that help them dig into the soil. They must dig down, often over 50 cm into the soil, to get below the frost line, where they will spend the winter.</h3><h3>為了做這個，他們挖!蟾蜍的后腳上有特殊的堅(jiān)硬的把手，可以幫助它們深入土壤。他們必須往下挖，通常要挖到土里50多厘米深，才能挖到霜凍線以下，他們將在那里過冬。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Only once the soil temperature warms in the spring will they know their cue to emerge again.</h3><h3>只有當(dāng)春季土壤溫度上升時，它們才知道自己能再次出來的跡象。</h3> <h3><ul><li><b>Life cycle of a mosquito </b><br></li></ul></h3><h3><u><b>Egg </b></u></h3><h3>The eggs are laid in a cluster on the surface of still water. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Larva </b></u></h3><h3><ol><li>The larva is called a <b>wriggler孑孓</b>. It can only live in water.</li><li>It breathes air from the <b>water surface through a breathing tube. </b></li><li>The wriggler moults a few times. </li></ol></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><u><b>Pupa </b></u></h3><h3><ol><li>The pupa lives in the water.</li><li> It is <b>comma-shaped. </b></li><li>The pupa does not feed, but it can dive below the water surface to escape danger. </li><li>It <b>undergoes metamorphosis. </b></li></ol></h3><h3><u><b><br></b></u></h3><h3><u><b>Adult</b></u></h3><h3><ol><li> When the adult mosquito emerges, it spreads out its wings to dry them. </li><li>A female adult mosquito lays up to a few hundred eggs at a time in the water. </li><li>Adult mosquitoes have different diets from their young. <b>Female adult mosquitoes suck blood, while male adult mosquitoes feed on plant juice</b>s. </li></ol></h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>其他毛毛蟲，蟑螂，面包蟲，雞備用</h3> <ul><li><b>自拼</b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>寫一頁</b></li></ul> <h3><ul><li><b>網(wǎng)課</b><br></li></ul></h3> <h3><ul><li><b>三本nate quiz</b><br></li></ul></h3>
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