【主題審議】長(zhǎng)汀實(shí)幼小班組“疫情過(guò)后，我們可以做什么”主題前審議的階段成果共享

龍巖市王秀玲名班主任工作室

<h3> 　“新冠肺炎疫情”帶給了孩子一個(gè)非常特殊的春節(jié)和寒假，人們的生活因此發(fā)生了很多不同尋常的變化，孩子由此也會(huì)產(chǎn)生多種復(fù)雜的感受和困惑。如何在開學(xué)后帶領(lǐng)孩子回顧這一特殊經(jīng)歷，轉(zhuǎn)化為有價(jià)值的教育活動(dòng)，值得我們?nèi)シe極思考與探索。 </h3> <h3>　　圍繞本次“新冠肺炎疫情”的社會(huì)大事件，我們將基于兒童視角，從“身心健康、社會(huì)情感、科學(xué)認(rèn)知”三個(gè)方面，鏈接《指南》，回應(yīng)兒童的真實(shí)體驗(yàn)和發(fā)展需要，對(duì)接下來(lái)引發(fā)的兒童學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展可能性作以下思考，形成初步的主題審議框架，以期更好地立足以兒童為中心的課程創(chuàng)生，確保課程開展的價(jià)值和意義。</h3> <h1><font color="#39b54a"><b> 前奏</b></font></h1> <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180); letter-spacing: 0.544px;">讓我們一起感受</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(236, 232, 180); font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“小班組”</span></span></b></font><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180); letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#167efb"><b>的研修氛圍</b></font></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180); letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#39b54a"><b>聽聽老師們的精彩發(fā)言</b></font></span></h3></section><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; width: 368px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section> <p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308">思考1：小班主題版塊的定位</font></strong></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308"></font></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">        研修指南中，有許多備選的主題，可對(duì)于小班而言，一定更多地從身心健康的版塊中選擇，社會(huì)情感和科學(xué)認(rèn)知會(huì)相對(duì)少一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;">些。</span></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"><font color="#167efb"></font></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb"> 操作要點(diǎn)：</font></strong></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ff8a00"></font></strong><span style="text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify;">       小班年齡段3維度選擇比重：身心健康>科學(xué)認(rèn)知、社會(huì)情感</span></h3></section> <p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308">思考2：適宜小班的學(xué)習(xí)方式</font></strong></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308"></font></strong><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">      小班幼兒主要是通過(guò)直接感知、親身體驗(yàn)、實(shí)際操作的方式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的。</span></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#167efb"></font></span><strong style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">操作要點(diǎn)：</font></strong></h3><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ff8a00"></font></strong><span style="text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify;">      在修改完善“一張圖”、“一條路”的過(guò)程中，更多地把小班孩子的學(xué)習(xí)方式思考進(jìn)去，這樣也能產(chǎn)生更有“兒童味道”的學(xué)案。</span></h3></section> <h3><font color="#167efb"><b> 也來(lái)聽聽孩子們的心聲……</b></font></h3> <h3><font color="#b04fbb">　　玥玥： “媽媽，我們?yōu)槭裁床荒艹鲩T玩了?“我們的旅行怎么取消了?<br></font></h3><h3><font color="#39b54a"> 比比：老師，病毒小怪物真的這么厲害嗎？我們?cè)鯓颖Ｗo(hù)好自己，不讓病毒傳染呀？</font></h3><h3><font color="#b04fbb"> 多多：為什么我不能跟小伙伴一起玩耍？叔叔阿姨</font><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">能打敗病毒嗎？為什么大都要戴口罩？</span><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);"></span></h3><div><h3><font color="#39b54a"> 佳倩：老師，你知道新新型冠狀病毒什么樣子嗎？我和媽媽一起看新聞，我知道了它是個(gè)會(huì)傳染的壞家伙，我們大家都要勤洗手，講衛(wèi)生，不能出去玩。</font></h3><h3><font color="#b04fbb"> 天天：我覺(jué)得今年的過(guò)年和以前的不一樣，媽媽告訴我，今年有病毒。老師你說(shuō)對(duì)嗎？</font></h3><h3><font color="#39b54a"> </font></h3><div><h3><font color="#b04fbb"> </font></h3><h3><font color="#b04fbb"> </font></h3></div></div> <h1 style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#39b54a">接下來(lái)，</font></span></h1><h1 style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#39b54a"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180);">讓我們一起來(lái)重溫</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(236, 232, 180); font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“一張圖”、“一條路”</span></strong></font><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180);"><font color="#39b54a">的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。</font></span></h1><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(237, 232, 180);"><font color="#39b54a"></font></span></h3></section><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; width: 368px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308">關(guān)于“一張圖”</font></strong></h3></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：核心經(jīng)驗(yàn)（主題價(jià)值）</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即可發(fā)展的“價(jià)值點(diǎn)”。</strong>要凸顯明確，是作為實(shí)施過(guò)程中價(jià)值判斷的依據(jù)的。有目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向卻又不等同于主題目標(biāo)。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：必備經(jīng)歷</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即可親歷的事兒。</strong>這部分要轉(zhuǎn)化為孩子可以做的“有趣又有價(jià)值、有情感參與”的事情。強(qiáng)調(diào)在親歷中獲得感性的情感態(tài)度能力的整合性發(fā)展。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：重要資源</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即可利用的資源。</strong>它是一個(gè)儲(chǔ)備庫(kù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童需求、興趣時(shí)可以隨時(shí)給予支持，也是兒童可操作可體驗(yàn)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。</h3></section><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></strong></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308">關(guān)于“一條路”</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：規(guī)劃好經(jīng)驗(yàn)增長(zhǎng)</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">兒童的學(xué)習(xí)是日復(fù)一日的經(jīng)驗(yàn)流淌、生長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：課程行進(jìn)的路線</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">包括話題、任務(wù)、名稱、事件等，不只是呈現(xiàn)集體活動(dòng)，將兒童的學(xué)習(xí)整合并串聯(lián)一系列必備的經(jīng)歷、融合多種學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)域的事件、活動(dòng)。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：設(shè)想呈現(xiàn)重要時(shí)刻</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">記錄那些有豐富表達(dá)、有分歧、有感受、有困惑的時(shí)刻，這些時(shí)刻代表著一些新的學(xué)習(xí)契機(jī)。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：留白和分支的可能</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">要有一些留白和分支，去結(jié)構(gòu)化，順應(yīng)實(shí)施中兒童的需求。</h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#167efb">知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：整合與歸納</font></strong></h3></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">與一張圖中核心經(jīng)驗(yàn)、必備經(jīng)歷、重要資源以及家庭社區(qū)等活動(dòng)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)整。</h3></section> <h3>　　“新冠狀病毒疫情”帶給了孩子一個(gè)非常特殊的春節(jié)，我們的生活因此發(fā)生了很多不同尋常的變化，孩子由此也會(huì)產(chǎn)生多種復(fù)雜的感受和困惑。這個(gè)春節(jié)有什么不一樣呢?針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題創(chuàng)設(shè)了主題活動(dòng)——《不一樣的春節(jié)》。<br></h3> <h1><font color="#b04fbb">　　01身心健康</font></h1><h3> <br></h3> <h3> 鏈接《指南》：幼兒階段是兒童身體發(fā)育和技能發(fā)展極為迅速的時(shí)期，也是形成安全感和樂(lè)觀態(tài)度的重要階段。在當(dāng)前疫情背景下，我們需“關(guān)注幼兒樂(lè)觀積極的情緒狀態(tài)”，降低幼兒的恐懼，小班幼兒在成人安撫下，能保持比較穩(wěn)定的情緒；其次，更“注重培養(yǎng)幼兒具有良好的生活與衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣”，如保證喝水量，不偏食挑食，學(xué)會(huì)正確的洗手方法，養(yǎng)成體育鍛煉的習(xí)慣，提升幼兒的身體素質(zhì)與自我保護(hù)能力。 </h3> <h1><font color="#b04fbb">　　02社會(huì)情感</font></h1><h3> <br></h3> <h3>　　鏈接《指南》：家庭、幼兒園和社會(huì)應(yīng)為幼兒創(chuàng)設(shè)溫暖、關(guān)愛(ài)的氛圍，尤其在疫情籠罩下，讓幼兒“感受關(guān)心與同情，尊重他人”，并在積極健康的人際關(guān)系中“獲得安全感和信任感”是很重要的。小班幼兒能關(guān)心和體貼身邊的人，尊重和感謝幫助我們的人，初步理解眾志成城、守望相助的大愛(ài)情感和行為。</h3> <h1><font color="#b04fbb">03科學(xué)認(rèn)知</font></h1><h3> <br></h3> <h3>　　鏈接《指南》：自然環(huán)境與人類生活是幼兒科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容。病毒既離孩子很遠(yuǎn)，又離孩子很近。首先，可“激發(fā)幼兒的好奇心與探究興趣”，鼓勵(lì)幼兒提出各種問(wèn)題；其次，“鼓勵(lì)幼兒積極主動(dòng)地探究”，在保證安全的前提下，支持幼兒的探究行為，鼓勵(lì)幼兒尋找答案；生命教育也是重要的內(nèi)容，“引導(dǎo)幼兒感知和理解生命、生活、生態(tài)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系”，進(jìn)而珍愛(ài)生命，尊重和保護(hù)自然。 </h3> <h3><font color="#167efb">后續(xù)：</font></h3><h3><font color="#167efb"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);"> 在 “一張圖”、“一條路”的研修指引下，</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">即</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">便是這非常時(shí)期，小班團(tuán)隊(duì)的每一位老師，依然以孩子為主體，通過(guò)各種形式去了解孩子的需求與困惑，了解才能理解、理解才能尊重。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">抓住了孩子的核心主題教育</span><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">，</span><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">清晰地梳理出一條路徑，不僅</span></font><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#167efb">打開了思路，連主題實(shí)施框架都了然于心了。</font></span><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></h3><h3><span style="background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#167efb"> 兒童在假期積累了豐富而又零散的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也積壓了很多渴望與老師同伴分享的話題和情緒。因此，在主題實(shí)施過(guò)程中要更多地聆聽孩子的表達(dá)，鼓勵(lì)孩子提問(wèn)，接納孩子的情緒，觀察孩子在游戲和生活中的行為。再根據(jù)本班孩子的實(shí)際情況選擇相應(yīng)的主題切入點(diǎn)進(jìn)行支持與推動(dòng)。</font></span></h3><h3><br></h3><div class="mp-article-tpl" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; min-height: 1rem; position: relative; z-index: 3; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 6px; white-space: normal;"><div data-v-5989d60a="" class="mp-article-content-container" style="padding-bottom: 0.2rem; 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