<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 廣東河源市是我的家鄉(xiāng)，具有豐富的旅游資源，在諸多的旅游景點中，我最喜歡印象最深的還是河源客家蘇家圍屋，</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">蘇家圍</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">屋</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">位于河源市義合鎮(zhèn)，整個村子山水環(huán)繞，綠色相擁，環(huán)境優(yōu)美，有</font>"南中國的畫里鄉(xiāng)村"的美譽。蘇家圍全村</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">共有</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;">18座圍屋，其中有5座</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">還是</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">明朝建筑。</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">下面讓我介紹一下客家圍屋吧！</font></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 客家圍屋</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">又稱</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5333364-5568799.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">圍龍屋</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">、圍屋、客家圍等，是</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6686225-6900128.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">客家民居</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">經典的三大樣式</font>(客家圍屋、</span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6686156-6900059.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">客家排屋</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">、</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/4417277-4624655.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">客家土樓</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;">)之一，是</span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6686225-6900128.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">客家民居</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">中最常見、保存最多的一種。</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">也</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">是中國</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/4434611-4642558.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">客家文化</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">中著名的五大民居特色建筑之一。只要在客家人聚居之處，都能見到圍屋的蹤跡，包括中國大陸南部的</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2671265-2820914.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">廣東</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">、</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/3077221-3243305.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">江西</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">、福建省、</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2488072-2629472.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">香港</font></span></a><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5397874-5635231.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">新界</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">以及</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1923887-2035414.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">臺灣</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">的屏東、云林、臺中東勢等。</font></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font></span></b><b style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 圍屋的歷史起源</font></span></b></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"> 圍屋始于唐宋，盛行于明清?？图胰瞬捎弥性瓊鹘y(tǒng)建筑工藝中最先進的抬梁式與穿斗式相結合的技藝，選擇丘陵地帶或斜坡地段建造圍屋，主體結構為</font><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;">"一進三廳兩廂一圍"。</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">為防止盜賊的騷擾和當?shù)厝说呐艛D，建造了營壘式住宅，形式有</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">三</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">種：一：磚瓦結構。二：特殊土坯結構。三、花崗巖條石結構。普通的圍屋占地</font>8畝、10畝，大圍屋的面積已在30畝以上，建好一座完整的圍屋往往需要五年、十年，有的甚至更長時間。一間圍屋就是一座客家人的巨大堡壘。屋內分別建有多間臥室、廚房、大小</span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/8547407-8868038.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">廳堂</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">及水井、豬圈、雞窩、廁所、倉庫等生活設施，形成一個自給自足、自得其樂的社會小群體</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font></span></b><b style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 圍屋的布局樣式</font></span></b></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 不論大小，大門前必有一塊</font></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/23733404-24289296.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">禾坪</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">和一個半月形池塘，禾坪用于曬谷、乘涼和其</font></span><a href="https://p1.ssl.qhmsg.com/t01cce8703886776f1a.jpg" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><font face="宋體">客家排屋</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">它活動，池塘具有蓄水、養(yǎng)魚、防火、防旱等作用。大門之內，分上中下三個大廳，左右分兩廂或四廂，俗稱橫屋，一直向后延伸，在左右橫屋的盡頭，筑起圍墻形的房屋，把正屋包圍起來，小的十幾間，大的二十幾間，正中一間為</font>"龍廳"，故名"圍</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">龍</font></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;">"屋。</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font></span></b><b style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體"> 圍屋的建筑特點</font>:</span></b></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 22pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;">1、</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">中軸對稱，主次有序</font>;以廳堂為中心組織院落。 </span><br></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 22pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"> 2、屋前必有半月形池塘，屋后必有半月形化胎，兩個半圓相合，形同陰陽兩儀的太極圖式。</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"> 3、圍屋為代表客家傳統(tǒng)</span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5355829-5591305.html" style="font-size: 10.5pt; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><span class="15" style="font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">民居</font></span></a><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋體">，類型不一，風格有異。然而，其堅固性，安全性，封閉性，以及合族聚居性，則是它們突出的共同特點。</font></span></h3>
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