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透過詩詞,盡識廬山真面目?

牛嵴柴夫

<p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 22px; color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">透過詩詞,盡識廬山真面目?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;廬山,是中國名山,亦是世界名山,擁有眾多的品牌稱號。諸如雙世遺、世界地質(zhì)公園、世界吉尼斯、優(yōu)秀生態(tài)旅游景區(qū)等等,并被推薦為中國唯一提名的世界遺產(chǎn)保護管理獎單位;</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一九八零年拍攝的電影《廬山戀》,更使得廬山成為家喻戶曉的明星。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;廬山不僅風(fēng)景秀麗,而且文化內(nèi)涵深厚,更集教育名山、文化名山、宗教名山、政治名山于一身。從司馬遷“南登廬山,觀禹所疏九江”,到陶淵明、昭明太子、李白、白居易、蘇軾、王安石、黃庭堅、陸游、朱熹、康有為等,共有1500多位名人登臨廬山,留下4000余首詩詞歌賦。若是算上普通的文人墨客所留下的丹青墨跡和篇章,則浩如煙海。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;公元1180年,南宋理學(xué)大家朱熹重振了白鹿洞書院。并在此開創(chuàng)了中國講學(xué)式教育的先河,以儒家傳統(tǒng)的政治倫理思想為支柱,繼往開來,建立了龐大的“理學(xué)”體系。使得白鹿洞書院成為中國歷史上著名的四大書院之一。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;東晉惠遠大師開山創(chuàng)立的東林寺,是佛教凈土宗的祖庭。一千多年來香火長盛。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1895年起,廬山先后有英、俄、美、法等二十余國建造的別墅群,成了中外著名的避暑勝地。同時,廬山還出現(xiàn)了大量的外國教堂、銀行、商店、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院,以及市政議會等等,成為西方文化影響中國腹地的獨特代表。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;廬山還是毛澤東和蔣介石兩大政治領(lǐng)袖之所愛。從上世紀二十年代到七十年代,幾乎就是中國的“夏都”,“廬山會議”成了一個專有名詞。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;第一個用詩來點贊廬山的是:中國山水詩第一人,東晉的大詩人謝靈運。他寫了一首《登廬山絕頂望諸嶠》全詩為:</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">山行非有期,彌遠不能輟。但欲掩昏旦,遂復(fù)經(jīng)圓缺。</p><p class="ql-block">捫壁窺龍池,攀枝瞰乳穴。積峽忽復(fù)啟,平途俄已絕。</p><p class="ql-block">巒垅有合沓,往來無蹤轍。晝夜蔽日月,冬夏共霜雪。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;對廬山戀情最深的大詩人,當屬李白,他一生中五次游歷廬山,為廬山留下《廬山遙寄盧侍御虛舟》等14首詩歌,他的《望廬山瀑布》同廬山瀑布一樣千古長流,在華夏大地及海外華人中家喻戶曉,成為中國古代詩歌的極品。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;廬山謠寄盧侍御虛舟</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> &nbsp;&nbsp;我本楚狂人,鳳歌笑孔丘。&nbsp;手持綠玉杖,朝別黃鶴樓。&nbsp;&nbsp;五岳尋仙不辭遠,一生好入名山游。&nbsp;&nbsp;廬山秀出南斗傍,屏風(fēng)九疊云錦張。&nbsp;&nbsp;影落明湖青黛光,金闕前開二峰長,銀河倒掛三石梁。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;香爐瀑布遙相望,回崖沓嶂凌蒼蒼。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;翠影紅霞映朝日,鳥飛不到吳天長。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;登高壯觀天地間,大江茫茫去不還。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;黃云萬里動風(fēng)色,白波九道流雪山。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;好為廬山謠,興因廬山發(fā)。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;閑窺石鏡清我心,謝公行處蒼苔沒。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;早服還丹無世情,琴心三疊道初成。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;遙見仙人彩云里,手把芙蓉朝玉京。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;先期汗漫九垓上,愿接盧敖游太清。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;望廬山瀑布</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;日照香爐生紫煙, 遙看瀑布掛前川。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;飛流直下三千尺, 疑是銀河落九天。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;望廬山五老峰 李 白</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;廬山東南五老峰, 青天削出金芙蓉。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;九江秀色可攬結(jié), 吾將此地巢云松。</p> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 李白的鐵粉兼好友杜甫,在李白因永王李璘案而受累時,曾憶起李白在廬山讀書的情景,不自禁的寫下了《憶李十二白讀書匡山》 詩:</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">不見李生久, 佯狂殊可哀。世人皆欲殺, 吾意獨憐才。敏捷詩千首, 飄零酒一杯。 匡山讀書處, 頭白好歸來。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp;此外的著名詩作還有很多,本篇擷錄幾首</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;王維《遠公龕》</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;松路向精舍, 花龕歸老僧。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;閑云撳錫杖, 落日低金繩。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;入夜翠微里, 千峰明一燈。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《晚泊潯陽望香爐峰 》孟浩然</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 掛席幾千里, 名山都未逢。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 泊舟潯陽郭, 始見香爐峰。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 嘗讀遠公傳, 永懷塵外蹤。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 東林精舍近, 日暮空聞鐘。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;張九齡 《湖口望廬山瀑布泉》</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">萬丈紅塵落,迢迢半紫氛。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">奔流下雜樹,灑落出重云。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">日照虹霓似,天清風(fēng)雨聞。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">靈山多秀色,空水共氤氳。</span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;《廬 山 獨 夜 》元 稹</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;寒空五老雪, 斜月九江云。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 鐘聲知何處? 蒼蒼樹里聞。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《大林寺桃花》 白居易</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 人間四月芳菲盡, 山寺桃花始盛開。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 長恨春歸無覓處, 不知轉(zhuǎn)入此中來。</h3> <h3>  最富哲理的禪詩,當數(shù)蘇東坡的《題西林壁》。此詩寫在廬山西林寺的壁上:</h3><h3><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰,遠近高低各不同。&nbsp;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不識廬山真面目,只緣身在此山中</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;廬山天橋景觀</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 相傳當年,朱元璋與陳友諒大戰(zhàn)于鄱陽湖。朱元璋兵敗,無奈逃上廬山,所帶的殘兵敗將亦慌不擇路逃到了懸崖邊。腳下斷谷,云霧彌漫,深不見底;后面追兵,殺聲震天。在這千鈞一發(fā)的危急時刻,突然天降金龍化作虹橋,朱元璋的兵馬剛剛過橋脫險,便聽得晴天霹靂巨響,龍飛橋斷,就此留下天橋奇觀。</h3> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;七律。廬山(牛嵴柴夫)</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;自古名山多蘊秀,奇情逸事醉氤氤。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;三泉飛落青蓮夢,五老幽藏白客春。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;宋月唐風(fēng)今尚在,禪林凈土足彌珍。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;含鄱氣象千般妙,雄峙蒼江幻亦真:</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;注:三泉——三疊泉</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;五老——五老峰</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;青蓮——李白</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;白客——白居易</p> <h3>配圖來自網(wǎng)絡(luò),謝謝原作者!</h3>
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